U.S. Allows Private Firms to Counter Cyberattacks
美國允許私人企業反擊網路攻擊
更新於: 2026年8月14日 上午01:30
In recent years, the debate over whether private companies should be allowed to 'hack back' against cyberattackers has intensified.
近年來，關於是否應允許私營企業對網絡攻擊者進行「駭客反擊」的爭論愈演愈烈。
While headlines sometimes suggest a shift in policy, it is important to clarify that no federal law in the United States currently permits private entities to launch counterattacks.
雖然新聞標題有時暗示政策有所轉變，但必須澄清的是，美國目前沒有任何聯邦法律允許私人實體發動反擊。
Current regulations, such as the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (CFAA), strictly forbid unauthorized access to external systems, restricting companies to passive defenses like firewalls and monitoring.
現行法規，如《電腦欺詐與濫用法》(Computer Fraud and Abuse Act, CFAA)，嚴格禁止未經授權存取外部系統，僅限公司使用防火牆和監控等被動防禦手段。
Proponents of 'active defense' argue that these passive measures are no longer sufficient to stop sophisticated, state-sponsored cyber threats.
支持「主動防禦」的人士認為，這些被動措施已不足以阻止複雜的國家級網絡威脅。
Potential risks include accidental escalation into international conflict, the possibility of misidentifying an innocent party’s system as the source of an attack, and the violation of international norms.
潛在風險包括意外升級為國際衝突、將無辜方的系統誤認為攻擊源的可能性，以及違反國際準則。
Legislative efforts like the ACDC Act have attempted to find a middle ground by proposing strict oversight for such actions, but the policy remains contentious.
諸如《ACDC法案》等立法努力曾試圖通過提議對此類行動進行嚴格監管來尋找折衷方案，但該政策仍具爭議性。
