Scientists discover new state of supercooled water

科學家發現過冷水的新狀態

Recently, researchers at Stockholm University achieved a major breakthrough, finding definitive evidence for a "liquid-liquid critical point" in supercooled water.

近期，斯德哥爾摩大學的研究人員取得了重大突破，為過冷水中的「液-液臨界點」找到了決定性的證據。

orgStockholm University

conceptliquid-liquid critical point

conceptsupercooled water

By using ultra-fast X-ray lasers, the team successfully observed water shifting between two liquid phases: a low-density liquid (LDL) and a high-density liquid (HDL).

藉由超快X光雷射，團隊成功觀察到水在兩種液態之間轉換：低密度液體與高密度液體。

techX-ray laser

conceptlow-density liquid

concepthigh-density liquid

This discovery, published in the journal Science, resolves a debate lasting over 30 years.

這項發表於《科學》期刊的發現，解決了長達三十多年的爭論。

orgScience

This technological feat finally pulls back the "crystallization curtain," proving that water’s hidden complexity is essential to its identity as the most vital molecule on Earth.

這項技術創舉終於拉開了「結晶帷幕」，證實水隱藏的複雜性是其作為地球上最重要分子的關鍵特質。

locationEarth

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What is supercooled water?

Liquid water cooled below its freezing point without becoming ice.

Water that contains many impurities and dust.

Water that has been boiled at high pressure.

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Liquid water cooled below its freezing point without becoming ice.

Where was the critical point for water identified?

At 0 °C and standard atmospheric pressure.

At 100 °C and very high pressure.

At approximately -63 °C and 1,000 atmospheres of pressure.

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At approximately -63 °C and 1,000 atmospheres of pressure.

Why was studying supercooled water historically difficult?

It crystallizes almost instantly into ice, making it highly unstable.

It required equipment only available in space.

The water would evaporate before it could be measured.

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It crystallizes almost instantly into ice, making it highly unstable.

What are the two liquid phases of water discovered by the researchers?

Cold liquid and boiling liquid.

Frozen liquid and gaseous vapor.

Low-density liquid (LDL) and high-density liquid (HDL).

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Low-density liquid (LDL) and high-density liquid (HDL).

How did researchers manage to observe the critical point?

By cooling water extremely slowly over several years.

By using standard optical microscopes to view ice crystals.

They used ultra-fast X-ray laser technology to capture data before the ice formed.

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They used ultra-fast X-ray laser technology to capture data before the ice formed.

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