新型鼻噴疫苗在對抗結核病方面展現潛力
New Intranasal Vaccine Shows Promise Against Tuberculosis
結核病（TB）仍是全球重大的衛生挑戰，每年造成數百萬人死亡。
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health challenge, causing millions of deaths annually.
雖然現有的卡介苗（BCG）有助於保護兒童，但對成人的效果較差，且無法在肺部提供強大的免疫力。
While the current BCG vaccine helps protect children, it is less effective for adults and fails to provide strong immunity in the lungs.
近期，約翰霍普金斯醫學院的研究人員開發出一種新型治療性DNA疫苗，這是一項令人興奮的突破。
Recently, researchers from Johns Hopkins Medicine have made an exciting breakthrough by developing a new <span class="annotated" data-start="238" data-end="264" data-value="therapeutic DNA vaccine">therapeutic DNA vaccine</span> for TB.
與僅旨在預防感染的傳統疫苗不同，這種新型療法旨在針對耐藥的「持留型」細菌，這些細菌是導致疾病復發的罪魁禍首。
Unlike traditional vaccines that aim only to prevent infection, this novel treatment is designed to target drug-tolerant "persister" bacteria, which are the main culprits behind disease relapse.
使這種方法特別具有創新性的是其給藥方式：採用鼻內給藥（intranasally）。
What makes this approach particularly innovative is its delivery method: it is administered <span class="annotated" data-start="455" data-end="465" data-value="intranasally">intranasally</span>.
透過將疫苗直接輸送至鼻腔，科學家希望能專門在結核感染的主要部位——肺部——引發強大的免疫反應。
By delivering the vaccine directly into the nasal passages, scientists hope to stimulate a robust immune response specifically in the lungs, the primary site of TB infection.
這種非侵入性、無針的給藥方法可能會簡化大規模的疫苗接種工作。
This non-invasive, needle-free delivery method could simplify mass vaccination efforts.
