New study explains how the Great Pyramid of Giza was built

For centuries, the construction of the Great Pyramid of Giza has sparked intense debate.

Recently, a 2026 study published in npj Heritage Science has introduced the Integrated Edge-Ramp (IER) model, which suggests that builders utilized a spiral ramp embedded directly into the pyramid's outer facade.

By leaving intentional gaps in the structure as it rose, workers could move stones efficiently, filling these spaces with casing stones upon completion.

This method allows for a rapid pace, fitting the historically accepted 20–27 year construction timeline.

Adding to this efficiency, archaeologists discovered the 'Ahramat Branch,' a long-lost Nile waterway that acted as a logistics hub, allowing heavy materials to be transported by boat directly to the site.

While some controversial theories, such as the 'unbuilding' method, have surfaced, mainstream experts continue to emphasize the sophistication and ingenuity of ancient Egyptian engineering.

These findings reinforce that the pyramids were the work of highly skilled laborers, showcasing a monumental feat of human organization and geometric precision that continues to fascinate the world today.