English Basics

26 Letters

English uses the Latin alphabet, which consists of 26 letters. Each letter has an uppercase and a lowercase form.

Vowels and Consonants

There are 5 primary vowels (A, E, I, O, U) and 21 consonants. The letter Y sometimes acts as a vowel.

Sounds and Letters

Phonics is the relationship between the sounds of spoken language and the letters of written language.

English is not perfectly phonetic, meaning one letter can represent multiple sounds (like the 'c' in cat vs city).